Engine and piston



,VVEETT ENGINE AND PIsToN Filed Aug. 21,1923

2 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 3, 1925..

A. A. wEs'r ENGINE AND PISTON Filed Aug. 21, 1923 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ZVZWTOR Patented Nov. 3, 1925..

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ENGINE AND rirs'rour.v

Application led August 21, 1923. Serial No. 658,527.

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, VVEsT, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have 1nvented new and useful Improvements in an Engine and Piston, of which the' following is a specification.

vMy invention relates to new and useful l0 improvements in an engine and piston therefor, and has for its primary object t-he provision of an exhaust normally closed by t-he piston which will be opened at the end of only the working stroke of the piston. The present invention is an improvement on the invention shown and described in my application bearing Serial Number 636,472, filed May 3rd,`1923. y Another object of my invention is to provide a supplementary exhaust for engines which is particularly adapted for use in internal combustion engines although not limited thereto. In the conventional fourcycle internal combustion engine, the supplementary exhaust is located in the region,

of the position of a piston when at the bottom of its stroke and is made use of in connection with the usual exhaust locatedin the region of the position of the piston when at the top of its stroke.

further object of this invention is to so construct thepiston that the head thereof will have two different distances of travel in order that the exhaust, located in the region of the position ot' the piston when at the end of its working i stroke, will be closed at all times except during the exhaust period coincident -to the ending of said working stroke.

A still further object of my invention- 1s to construct a piston of two parts, one telescoping over the other, and provided with means to normally hold them in extended condition.

The advantages of my invention include a more complete scavenge ot the cylinder which tendsto reduce the heat in the engine, it produces a less noisy exhaust. which may eliminate the mutller on explosive en- 50 ginas, thus relieving the back. pressureattendant 'to the use ot the mutller, hence improving the power factor 'from the usual amount off fuel resulting in a saving there-if.,

AUGUSTUS ALBERT The lessened exhaust noise is most desirable 1n the operation of internal combustion engines'and particularly when used in aeroplanes and motor boats.

I accomplish the above mentioned objects by providing an exhaust, preferably comprising a plurality of ports, in the engine cyllnder below the normal lowest point of travel of the piston" head so that on the intake stroke the piston covers this exhaust, but the pressure on the pist-on, due to the explosion, causes the head to telescope on the piston skirt and therefore travel Ia greater distance than whendescending on the intake stroke. i stroke, the piston head travels below the. exhaust allowing the dissipated motive fluid, such. as burned gases, or a portion thereof, to escape from the cylinder through the uncovered exhaust. When used in connection with the usual exhaust at the top ofthe cylinder the latter is opened at, substantially the same time.

My invention elfects an abundant exhaust as the supplementary exhaust ports are opened at approximateely thirty degrees before dead center and closed approximately thirty degrees beyond dead center. During the same time the usual upper exhaust vis open and so remains for a period of about two hundred and thirty degrees to which my supplementary exhaust adds the equivalent of a sixty degrees period in scavenged elfe/ct, approximating a total of two hundred and ninety -two degrees of exhaust period ot a possible three hundred and sixty degrees. 'lhus iny invention gives an additional exhaust. benefit of approximately twenty-.tive per cent over the usual or ordinary exhaust.

A further advantage is the cushioned et feet, due to the spring tension, at the top ot the piston travel which softens the blow of the explosion. 'I his beneficial cushion eitect is analogous to the action in reciproeating s'team engines where a small amount of steam is purposely retained inthe cylinder at the end of the steam exhaust stroke. In :ny device this cushion eect tends to lessen iar and pounding on the moving parts which should lengthen the .life ot' the engine.

in important feature ot' the two piece Thus, on the explosiinlll@ tion of which seems impossible, will alsoy pass through the communication between the interior and exterior of the piston so that the tendency will be to lessen the carbon deposit in the cylinder and thus add to the elliciency of the engine.

A further feature of the preferred con struction contemplates the location of the springs some distance from the piston head so that the heat will have little, if any, effect on the temper or tension thereof and said springs will be cooled by thelubricant in the engine crank case which is splashed into the piston.

TWith these ends in view1 this invention consists lin the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter set forth and then specifically designated by the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains, may understand how to make and use the same, l will describe its construction in detail, referring by numerals to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application, 1n which:-

llig. 1, is a fragmentary transversel sectional elevation of an engine embodying my linvention.

Fig. 2, is a section at the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 with the piston removed.

Fig. 37 is an enlarged vertical section of the piston per se at approximately the line 3-3 of Fig. a.

Fig. ll, is a bottom plan view of said piston. y

F ig. 5, is a vertical section of the piston at right angles to the showing in Fig. 3, illustrating the springs differently located.

Fig. 6, is an end or top plan view of the piston skirt.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of --one of the rods.

ln carrying out my invention as here embodied, 10 represents a cylinder of the conventional four-cycle type having a passageway 11 communicating with the firing chamber and with the exhaust chamber 12 through the exhaust port 13 controlled by the usual valve 14C. The compartments designated by the numeral 15 are portions of the usual passageways for the cooling fluid such as water.

lnvthe lower part `of the cylinder, and more particularly in the region of the lowermost position assumed by the piston. is formed an exhaust which for convenience of assetati differentiating from the usual upper exhaust will be termed the supplementary exhaust and this is herein illustrated as comprising a plurality of exhaust ports 16v suitably spaced about the cylinder and preferably arranged in two diametrically opposite sets7 said ports forming communications between the lower part of the interior of the cylinder and supplementary exhaust chambers 17 from which lead exhaust pipes 18. though the description of. the construction and operation of my device will include the two exhausts l wish it understood that I do not bind myself to the use of the usual upper exhaust.

ln one of the supplementary exhaust chambers 17 are mounted the tubes 14 for the passage of the valve stems.

ln the cylinder is reciprocatingly mounted my improved piston 19 comprising principally two sections 20 and 21 telescopingly mounted one on the other whereby one may slide relative to the other. the skirt and the section 21 the head.

' The skirt 2O is oftubular formation open at both ends and is provided with the usual wrist pin bearings 22 holding the bushings 23 in which set the ends of the wrist pin 2-L having one end of a connecting rod 25 attached thereto with the other and of said connecting rod joined to the crank shaft 26.

At the upper end of the skirt is formed the reduced waist 27 providing an exterior shoulder 28 which is preferably inclined as shown and from this shoulder lead any number of inclined ducts 29 constituting communie-ations between the interior and exterior of the piston and the upper outer ends of all these ducts 29 preferabl enter an annular channel 30 produced in tlieshoulder 28.

@n the reduced waist 27 of the piston skirt is telescopically mounted the petticoat 31 of the piston head 21 so that the latter may slide relative to the piston skirt and the lower edge of the petticoat is preferably beveled as at 32 to correspond with the inclined shoulder 28 with which it coacts to limit the inward or collapsing movement of the head.

luto bosses 33 on the inner face of the. end wall of the piston head or into the en'd wall itself when of sufficient thickness, are threaded the rods 34: which maybe held in place by lock nuts 35. Although l do not wish to be limited to any specific number of rods l deem it best to use four and these pass through holes 36 in the webs 87 formed as an integral part of the piston skirt and preferably also integral with the wrist pin bearings. By forming the webs as above stated they strengthen or brace the wrist pin bearings and add rigidity to the piston skirt which` will assist in holding it to itsv true circular contour. rThe rods while primarily acting as guides both for the piston head All rThe section 20 is i and springs the latter to be directly described, also assist in radiating the heat from the piston' head.

To the lower free end of each rod is attached one end of a spring 38 which is coiled abouttthe rod and has its otherend attached to a web 37, Fig. 3, so as to normally extend the'pistonor force the head away from the skirt but this extending movement is limited Iby the stops 39 carried bythe rods, the same.

being formed integral with the rods or as separate pieces and attached to the rods in any well known manner. rIhe movement of the headvrelative to the skirt may be varied by screwing the rods more or less into the bosses as will be obvious.

The above arrangement and location of the springs separatesthem from the piston head a suiicient distance to be little effected by the heat and permits them to be cooled by the splash system of lubrication but if found desirable or advisable springs 40, Fig. 5, may be coiled about the upper ends of the rods so asto rest on the webs and press against the piston head. Also a combination of these two arrangements might be made if greater tension should be desired.

The skirt is provided with'a groove 4,-1 for a piston ring 42- and the piston head likewise is provided with grooves 43 for piston rings 44.

In practice as the piston descends during the suction stroke the exhaust ports 16 are covered by petticoat forming a part of the head so that none of the motive fluid is lost, but on the firing or Working stroke the head will be telescoped or collapsed on the skirt, against the action of the springs, due to the pressure generated by the motive fluid, suficiently to`open the supplementary Aexhaust ports 16 and permit the escape of the bulk of the dissipated motive Huid while the balance will be forced out of the usual upper exhaust thus more completely scavenging the cylinder. i

As the lubricant travels up the sides of the cylinder walls it will reach the space lne-f tween the shoulder 23 on the skirt and co1A acting edge 32 of the head and any excess will be forced, by the action of the two parts of the piston, around the channel 30 and through the ducts 29 into the interior of the piston carrying with it any loose particles of carbon thereby tending to reduce deposits thereof.

Of course, I do not wish to be limited to the exact details of construction as herein shown as these may be varied within the limits of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of niy invention.

Having thus fully described my `invention, what I claim as new and useful is 1. In an engine, a cylinder provided with the usual and a supplemental exhaust, a piston having a head movable relative to the skirt, said head having a greater travel disl tance onthe working stroke due to pressure of the motive fluid to uncover the supplemental exhaust at the end of said workingl stroke.

2. A piston consisting of a head for coaction with the walls of an engine cylinder,

askirt for coaction with the walls of an engine cylinder and springs to normally force one from the other.

3. An engine piston including a skirt, a-

head telescopically lmounted thereon and means to normally hold the head in extended relation.

4. An engine piston including a skirt, a

head telescopically mounted thereon, rods head telescopic-ally mounted thereon, rodscarried by the head, webs in the skirt through Vwhich the rods pass, and springs eoacting with the webs and piston head to normally hold the latter in extended position.

6. As an article of manufacture, a piston f -including a skirt having a reduced waistand provided with a shoulder at the lower` end of the waist, a head telescopically mounted onl said waist and having its movement in one direction limited-by said shoulder, and

means to normally force the head`l away from said shoulder.

7. As an article of manufacture, a piston including a skirt having a reduced waist and provided with a shoulder at the `lower end of the waist, a .head telescopically mounted on said waist and having its movement in one direction limited by said shoulder, rods adjustably connected with the head, webs formed integral withv the skirt inside thereof and 4through which said rods pass, and springs coiled about the lower ends of said rods and attached to the webs land rods to normally force the head away from the shoulder.

8. As an article of manufacture, an engine piston including a skirt having a reduced waist and provided with an inclined shoulder at the lower'end of said waist', a head telescopically mounted on the waist and rovided with a beveled lower edge coinci ing` .with the inclined shoulder, the movement of said head in one direction being limited by contact of the beveled edge with the vinclined shoulder and s rings to normally force the head away rom the shoulder.

9. As an article of manufacture, an engine piston including a skirt having a reduced waist and provided with an inclined shoulder at the lower end of said waist, s aid skirt having ductsV therethrough leading from the inclined faces of the shoulder to the interior ofthe skirt, a head telescopically mounted on the waist and provided with a petticoat, the lower edge of which coacts with the shoulder to limit the movement of the headin one direction and means to force the head away from the shoulder.

10. As an article of manufacture, an engine pston including a skirt having a reduced waist and provided with an inclined shoulder at the lower end of said waist, said skirt. having ducts therethrough leading from the inclined faces of the shoulder to the interior of the skirt, and said shoulder having a channel therein communicating with the ducts, a head provided with a petticoat telescopically mounted on the waist,

the lower edge of the petticoat being beveled to coincide with the inclined shoulder with which it coacts to limit the movement of the head in one direction, rods carried by the head and projecting into the skirt, webs formed integral with the skirt `and having holes through which said rods pass, means' on said rods'to li'mit the movement of the head in the other direction and. springs attached to the rods and webs to normally force the head-outward.

l1. An engine piston including a skirt having a reduced upper end and provided with communications between the interior and exterior thereof in the region of the point of connection of the skirt proper with its reduced portion, a head slidably mounted on the reduced end of the skirt and means to normally force said head outward.

12. An engine piston including' a skirt having a reduced waist at the upper end providing an exterior shoulder, wrist pin bearings formed inside of the skirt, webs formed integral with bearings and skirt, said webs having holes therethrough, a head provided with a petticoat slidably mounted on the waist, the lower edge of said petticoat coacting with the shoulder to limit the inwardmovement of the head, rods having threaded connection with the head and pass@ ing through the holes in the webs, means to hold the rods in any adjusted position, means on said rods to limit the outward movement of the head land spring attached to the webs and rods for normally forcing the head outward.

13. The combination with an engine including a c linder provided with the usual exhaust an a supplementary exhaust, of a piston consisting of a skirt having a reduced waist, an exterior shoulder, bearings and webs formed `integral with said bearings and the skirt, said webs having holes theren slidably mounted on the skirt, the edges of said petticoat coacting with the shoulder to limit the inward movement of the head, rods connected to the head and passing through the holes in the webs and means connected to the rods and webs for normallyforcing the head outward, said piston normally covering the supplementary 'exhaust but the head being forced inward relative to the skirt to uncover the supplementary exhaust on the firing stroke.

14. The combination with an engine including a cylinder provided with the'usual exhaust and avsupplementary exhaust, of a piston consisting of a skirt having a reduced waist, an exterior inclined, shoulder with a channel formed therein. from which lead ducts passing through the skirt to provide communications between the, interior and exterior of the skirt, integral bearings within the skirt and integral apertured webs formed with the vbearings and skirt, a head consisting of an end wall and skirt slidably mounted on the waist of the skirt, the edge of said skirt beveled to coincide with the inclined shoulder, said edge of the petticoat coacting with the shoulder to limit the inward movement of the head and acting to force excess lubricant through the ducts, rods having threaded connection with the end wall of the head and passing through the apertures in the webs, means on said rods for coaction with the webs to limit the outward movement of the head, and springs coiled about the rods below the webs and attached to said webs and the free ends of the rods to force the head outward, said piston normally covering the supplementary exhaust and the head being forced inward relative to the skirt on thcvfiring stroke to uncover said supplement-ary exhaust.

15. An engine piston comprising a head for coaction with the walls of an engine cylinder, a skirt also for coaction with the engine cylinder walls, and means to normally force the head away from the skirt.

16. The combination with an engine including a cylinder, a crank shaft and a connecting rod, of a piston skirt coacting with the walls of the cylinder and connected with the connecting' rod in fixed relation, a piston head associated with the skirt and also coacting with the cylinder walls, and means to normally :torce the head away from the skirt without affecting the relation of said AUGUSTUS ALBERT lvVEST. 

